Capital Punishment Essay - 666 Words

Capital Punishment A thirty-five year old white male kidnaps and rapes two sisters, one nine years old and the other twelve. The man then brutally murders the two sisters, letting one watch as the other one was killed. The man leaves the bloody and beaten girls dead on their front porch. Does this man deserve to die? Capital punishment, if applied in this hypothetical situation, would serve its purpose in getting retribution for this crime. Capital punishment is a controversial subject but is an effective punishment for serious crimes such as this. Right now, only one percent of murderers who have committed serious crimes such as this are on death row. â€Å"Every nation with industrial democracies has abolished the death†¦show more content†¦Firing squads and hangings are used in other countries. The newest methods now used more often throughout the world include hangings, electrocution, gas chamber, firing squad (in Utah), or lethal injection. Caning is not a form of capital punishm ent, although an alternate way to lower crime rates. â€Å"In Singapore, where caning is practiced regularly, crime rates are so low that they are barely above zero,† (â€Å"Capital Punishment†). Supporters argue that death is a more severe punishment so it deters crime. The principles of capital punishment say it is a form of retribution, and that the murderer deserves to die. â€Å"Death is pure humiliation for the criminal, and it has been proven that humiliation is one of the best forms of punishment,† (â€Å"Capital Punishment†, 282). Executions occur usually a decade or more after a murderer is sentenced to ensure that due process of law can take place and if the man is innocent, he can hopefully be proven so. Studies done by government agencies in the 1970’s have proven that for each man put to death, 8 or more murderers are deterred from committing crimes (â€Å"Arguments for Life and Death†). Life sentences cost $1.8 million to carry out. Death sentences only have the costs of ten years or more in prison and prosecution costs. This proves that death is more cost effective then life and it deters moreShow MoreRelated Capital Punishment1099 Words   |  5 Pages Capital Punishment Murder, a common occurrence in American society, is thought of as a horrible, reprehensible atrocity. Why then, is it thought of differently when the state government arranges and executes a human being, the very definition of premeditated murder? Capital punishment has been reviewed and studied for many years, exposing several inequities and weaknesses, showing the need for the death penalty to be abolished. Upon examination, one finds capital punishment to be economically weakRead MoreCapital Punishment1137 Words   |  5 Pagescorresponding punishments. Among all penalties, capital punishment is considered to be the most severe and cruelest one which takes away criminal’s most valuable right in the world, that is, right to live. It is a heated debate for centuries whether capital punishment should be completely abolished world widely. The world seems to have mixed opinion regarding this issue. According to Amnesty International (2010), currently, 97 countries in the world have already abolished capital punishment while onlyRead MoreCapital Punishment1786 Words   |  8 PagesCapital Punishment Capital punishment, also known as the death penalty, is the toughest form of punishment enforced today in the United States. According to the online Webster dictionary, capital punishment is defined as â€Å"the judicially ordered execution of a prisoner as a punishment for a serious crime, often called a capital offence or a capital crime† (1). In those jurisdictions that practice capital punishment, its use is usually restricted to a small number of criminal offences, principallyRead More Capital Punishment1898 Words   |  8 PagesCapital Punishment Imagine your heart suddenly beginning to race as you hear a judge give you a death sentence and then you’re quickly carried away in chains as your family sobs as they realize that they will no longer be able to see you. As you sit in your cell you begin to look back at your life and try to see where you went wrong to end up in jail waiting to carry out a death sentence, and at the same time know that you are an innocent waiting to be heard. This same scenario repeatsRead MoreCapital Punishment1276 Words   |  6 Pagesbroken to get the death penalty, increased murder rates and wrongful accusations. There are many different views of the death penalty. Many different religions have their own views of the death penalty. In Hinduism, if the king does not inflict punishment on those worthy to be punished the stronger would roast the weaker like fish on a spit. In the religion of Jainism, mostly all of their followers are abolitionists of the death penalty which means that they oppose of it. Infact, this religionRead More Capital Punishment Essay: Retain Capital Punishment?696 Words   |  3 PagesCapital Punishment - Retain or Not?      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   This essay tangles with the question of whether or not we should retain the death penalty within the American code of penal law.    There is a feeling of frustration and horror that we experience at the senseless and brutal crimes that too frequently disrupt the harmony of society. There is pain which accompanies the heartfelt sympathy that we extend to the victims families who, in their time of suffering, are in need of the support and compassionRead MoreCapital Punishment2506 Words   |  11 PagesCapital Punishment and the Death Penalty Capital punishment exist in today’s society as citizens of the United States should we have the right to take an individual life. As illustrated throughout numerous of studies the death penalty is an unfair process seven out of ten deaths handed down by the state courts from 1973 to 1995 were overturned when appeal and the seven percent were later found to be innocent. Such as the Dobie Williams case which took place July 8, 1984. DobieRead MoreCapital Punishment Is A Legal Punishment1116 Words   |  5 Pageswhat the big deal about Capital Punishment is? According to free dictionary, Capital Punishment is to put to death as a legal punishment (Farlax). Capital Punishment is used worldwide, and is guaranteed to prevent future crime. Capital Punishment is a large controversy in the U.S. but before a personal opinion can be formed, some facts need to be known, such as what it is, where it is used and why it could be good or bad. Well, what is Capital Punishment? Capital Punishment is where a person is executedRead MoreCapital Punishment Is The Ultimate Punishment1704 Words   |  7 Pageswhat would you want from the government if he had killed someone you know? He should receive the capital punishment. The capital punishment is the ultimate punishment given to the precarious crimes. It is the last stage of capital punishment. There are different methods of like hanging, electric chair, lethal injection, firing squad, gas chamber. Murderers and rapist should be given extreme punishment, and they have to pay for their wrongdoing. We can observe crime rates are accelerating day-by-dayRead MoreCapital Punishment And Juvenile Punishment1631 Words   |  7 Pages Capital punishment is the term used when an individual is put to death by the state or government for the commission of a crime. Until recently, juveniles were not exempt from this punishment, however they would generally need to commit a more serious offense compared to their adult counterpart. Then there was the decision ruling the execution of mentally handicapped individuals was unconstitutional, using the 8th amendment as their authority, while taking into account the diminished capacity of

Factors Affecting Nigerias Underdevelopment - 1435 Words

According to an economist the idea of development is a situation whereby there is an increase in a nations GNP and GDP, leading to an increase in growth .but to a sociologist this is a surface definition as development or rather a country is regarded as developed when such increase is affecting the living condition of its people even to the smallest group in the society. Where we don’t only calculate numbers and figures and structures but can see the positive change of things in the life of the people, both the rich, average and poor. Then such a society would be regarded as developed. For example the living conditions of the USA. Nigeria the most populated country in Africa filled with its endowed natural resources, and according to the†¦show more content†¦Neo-colonialism or imperialism This is an external factor of Nigeria’s underdevelopment; it is the highest form of exploitation from the British countries to their colonies after independence. Nigeria has contributed to its economic backwardness, as it â€Å"promotes the maintenance of foreign domination and enhances neo-colonialism and the flowering of subjugationism† (onimode, 1981). Imperialism has always been an exploitative phenomenon, which was the initial motive for colonization. Nigeria has been seen as a dumping ground for most British counties, making it difficult for us to produce our own goods. Also the fact that we are primary producers with fewer technicalities to produce our raw materials into finished products makes it a means of imperialism as we export our goods at the rate determined by the British colonies and still import back at a higher cost. For example the crude oil, Nigeria is the largest country with the crude oil but the poorest in economic state due lack of technicality i n transforming crude oil into petrol which led to the issue of sucidy removal in January 1st 2012, even after which things haven’t changed as fuel scarcity hits most part of the country e.g. Abuja, Lagos etc. as at 19th September 2012. 3. Poor leadership According to john c. Maxwell â€Å"leadership is about influence† and niyi adesonya sees it â€Å"as not just influence but also inspiration†. The idea of Nigeria’s leadership is just based on selfish gain of eating the â€Å"national cake† andShow MoreRelatedA Critical Appraisal Of Nigeria s Regional Security Challenges1582 Words   |  7 Pagesinsecurity, one must look at society as a whole, and in Nigeria it is not necessary to dig very deep: increases in unemployment, poverty, and inequality have created frustration and alienation amongst large sections of the population, which in turn has led to social division. The lack of development that has created this environment is manifested in the violence and insecurity that plagues parts of the nation. The lack of development within Nigeria has created a fertile environment for insecurity; thisRead MoreRetention Strategies in Post Consolidation Banking Industry in Nigeria (a Case Study of First Bank Nigeria Plc)1339 Words   |  6 Pagesfact developing appropriate capacity and competence needed to support such efforts. 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(Abor, 2004)Read MoreReligious Unrest in Nigeria9418 Words   |  38 PagesTable of contents Dedication †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. ..i Preface †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.......ii Acknowledgement †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦iii Table of contents †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..IV Topic: religious unrest in Nigeria, causes and effects. Chapter 1 1.1 Definitions of religion. 1.2 Types of religion. 1.3 Types of religion and religious unrest in Nigeria. 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Shannon and Weaver Model of Communication †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Shannon and Weaver Model of Communication. Answer: Introduction The process of exchange of information through verbal, written or any other medium is known as communication. Communication process makes use of words, symbols, signs or behavior to engage and exchange information among people. In order to understand the value of communication, and shape it to make it more effective, it is important to estimate the current effectiveness of the communication process. Communication, and its effectiveness, should be paid attention to, because it is a fundamental process, playing an important role in all facets of life(Management, 2012). Effective communication skills can help in facilitating and maintaining good relationships and also contributes to the growth of individual, both personally and professionally. The purpose of this reflective practice is to study the effectiveness and competency of our communication skills(Government of South Australia, 2006). For this, the diagnostic tools used to analyse communication effectiveness and feedback will be used, to reflect on the communication skills and practices. The motive of this practice is to identify the areas of personnel capability which we need to improve on, and working on which will also increase our communication effectiveness. Self reflection on the communication skills and practices will help in promoting the use of current best practices and identify the communication practices that can be addressed for improvement. With the right communication style and skills, a person can leverage the resources and get best result in the most efficient ways. Therefore, it is important to reflect and study one's communication style and constantly work towards its improvement in order to succeed in life.In this section, diagnostic tools for measuring communication effectiveness are used to analyse my communication style to understand the pros and cons of it, and for self awareness and personal development. A very common tool used for understanding communication effectiveness and relationships is the Johari window model. This comprises of a 2 x 2 matrix representing information about the person being analysed. The four regions or quadrants of the Johari window and the information represented in them is listed here: 1) what a person knows about himself and others also know about him; this is called the open area 2) what a person does not know about himself, but others know about him; this is called blind area 3) what a person knows about himself but the other people don't know about him; this is called the hidden area 4) what a person does not know about himself and neither do the other people; known as the unknown area. On the analysis of my communication style and practices and applying that to the Johari window model, I got the following results(CAPS, 2011). Open area Sensible, Mature, Independent, Observant, Logical, Shy, Introverted, Adaptable, Accepting Blind area Confident, Modest, Sympathetic, Trustworthy Hidden area Nervous, Spontaneous, Proud, Loving Unknown Religious Another theory to study the human personality and the behaviour of the people is known as trait theory. In this theory, the traits or the disposition of a person is measured to understand their personality and communication style over a period of time. The personality traits of an individual become relatively stable over a period of time, due to their social and environmental surroundings. These traits make and shape the behaviour of the individual. According to this theory, all the traits of an individual personality are categorized into 3 sets. These categories are: 1) Central traits 2) Common traits 3) Cardinal traits. The central traits of a person are the most important traits influencing their behaviour, the common traits of an individual are dependent on their culture and environment and the cardinal traits are the ones that help in the identification of a person and asserting their recognition in the society(Deloitte, 2015). The analysis of my behaviour on the basis of trait theory is given in the table below: Central traits Introvert Independent Observant Common traits Shy Adaptable Quiet Logical Cardinal traits Student Indian The learning we get from the society is also a contributor to our growth and development and plays a part in shaping our relationship with the people around us by impacting our communication style. The social learning involves passive gain of knowledge by learning from the environment and the people around us. According to this theory, there are three primary factors that define our communication style and behaviour. The communication style of a person is also impacted by these factors and they determine the behaviour of the individual in various ways. The figure below shows the three groups into which these factors are classified. The cognitive factors also known as personal factors are made up of the knowledge of a person, expectations they have from others, and from themselves, and their attitude towards people or things. The behavioral factors are the factors that are determined by the skills that person gains by practice, over a period of time(Mendoza, 2015). The third set of factors is the environmental factors, which are made up of the social norms and the influence that the environment has on a person and a person has on their environment. Carrying out an analysis of my behaviour and measuring them against the three sets of factors; cognitive, behavioural and environmental factors, I found out the following about myself. Cognitive factors Knowledgeable Introverted Dedicated Adaptable Behavioural factors Driving skills Swimming Environmental factors Sympathetic Trusting Religious Most commonly practiced communication styles are: assertive, aggressive, passive and passive-aggressive. The assertive communication style is when a person tries to find a solution or a point of mutual agreement between the people communicating. This allows Idea sharing and is considered the healthiest communication style. The aggressive communication style is when a person manipulates the people to reach the goal by making use of emotions like guilt, intimidation etc. When a person is not ready to compromise and is only concerned about being straight forward, the aggressive communication style is said to be practiced. A passive communication style is when a person chooses not to react and avoids confrontation. This usually happens when a person does not feel strongly about the subject being discussed or the topic of communication. The goal for passive communicator is not to get noticed. A combination of the passive and aggressive communication styles is known as passive-aggressive c ommunication. This is practiced when a person is trying to avoid conflict, but still wants to communicate. Sarcasm is an example of passive aggressive communication style(The University of Maine, 2015). The communication theories are used to understand and systematically summarize the nature of the entire communication process. There are a number of theories that have been experimented with, and adopted, by studying the requirements and the agenda for communication. The most commonly referred theory of these, is the diffusion theory, that allows us to understand how humans tend to behave when trying something new and how they reach an important decision step by step. The five stages of the process of diffusion are defined as 1) awareness 2) interest 3) evaluation 4) trial and 5) adoption.The theory helps us understand how innovations and new ideas are spread across the populations. Innovation is communicated through various channels among the members of a society by the process of d iffusion as explained in this model. Improving the communication skills is a continuous process that happens both intentionally and unintentionally for every person, over a period of time. This report is a compilation of a critical analysis of my communication skills and styles, in order to understand how I communicate and to find out the areas of improvement in the same.By doing this, I will be able to communicate more effectively and also gain an understanding and advanced knowledge about the practices that make workplace communication even better. This section also involves the identification and explanation of two areas where my communication skills need improvement, and how I can carry out the same by studying the key models or behaviours related to the development of both theoretical and interpersonal skills. The development of communication issues can lead to conflicts and confusion in both personal and professional environment(FEMA, 2005). Personal communication challenges and issues can get reflected in the pro fessional environment as well, and may lead to serious consequences at times. Therefore, they need to be addressed and taken care of on time.The analysis of my communication skills with the help of various models and diagnostic tools helped me to realize that there are a few areas that need improvement and should be worked out on. The first area where I found out the need for a lot of improvement was that I tend to avoid confrontation. This can be attributed to my introvert nature, and my tendency to avoid difficult conversations. Avoiding difficult conversations and confrontation can cause further problems and most of the times make small problems grow bigger and sometimes even blow out of proportion(APR, 2014). Therefore, I need to prepare and learn how to handle these difficult situations by encouraging myself to be more confrontational.For practicing this, I will evaluate my thoughts and feelings, and try to identify the actual issue that needs my attention. I will think less ab out the tangential factors and emotions that are not relevant to the discussion that needs to be carried out. I will also be better prepared for the situation by having a clear idea in my mind of what needs to be said when having these conversations. I will make sure that the conversation happens in a non emotional and a fact based manner. It is important in such a situation to let the other person respond, and I will also make sure that I listen to them. I will constantly reassure myself about the possibility of a resolution that is mutually satisfying in such situations(Library, 1998). Both positive and negative possibilities in a difficult situation need to be discussed and a follow up after a confrontation will help in reaffirming the connection with the other party. The other major flaw that I found in my communication style was not being assertive enough.Assertiveness is definedas, "being able to stand up for your own, or other people's rights in a calm and positive way, witho ut being aggressive, or passively accepting". This skill can be of great help and can be applied for the improvement of all aspects of life. An assertive person is passive and weak. To practice being assertive, I will start recognizing and speaking up for the changes I need in a situation(Cobley, Schulz, Peter , 2013). Keeping a journal will help me in recording my passive, compliant and intimidated behaviour in order to keep myself in check.I will start figuring out appropriate ways to express myself in each of the situations listed in the journal for practicing purposes. Being aggressive is also considered being unassertive. I will continuously practice giving assertive responses to situations that intermediate me the most first by speaking to myself and later on with other people around.In most situations, it is not just one person assertively asking for changes, but rather two people wanting to express their feelings, opinions or wishes(Foulger, 2004). Therefore, I will take tu rns being assertive and then listen with empathy while practicing with my friends and family initially to ease myself. A good communication is the one that results in satisfactory compromises. For practice I will start being assertive in real life situations in order to build my confidence. I will make changes and adjustments in my communication skills as needed. As I continue practicing this, I will start by being assertive in less stressful situations that are easier to handle and slowly develop towards being assertive in more complicated situations. Self reflection on my communication skills and practices will help me in promoting the use of current best practices and identify the communication practices that can be addressed for personal improvement(PSNACET, 2012). Management and leadership require exceptional communication skills for both the written and oral communication. On the basis of this analysis I have realized the areas where my communication skills need improvement and refining. For doing that, I have designed a comprehensive communication plan that I will follow in order to acquire the required skills and polish my communication behaviour. The first step that I am going to take towards this is the maintenance of a personal journal, in which I will list the positives and negatives of my communication practices after every formal communication. One book that I plan to read as soon as possible is 'how to win friends and influence people' by Dale Carnegie. This book is a renowned self help book which is recommended by a lot of people for anyone looking to enhance their communication skills. Another step that I am going to take is to list the potential benefits that I am going to reap by working on the improvement of my communication ski lls, and achieving the same(Slukov, 2013). This would help in motivating me and act as a constant reminder of where I want to be in future. This would also help me in prioritizing and planning accordingly. The following are a few actions that will be included in my communication development plan. I have decided to set SMART goals in order to improve my communication and make it more effective. A SMART goal is specific, measurable, achievable, relevant and time bound. This will help me in bringing a structure to the entire planning process and let me track my progress over a period of time. One area where I need to specifically work very hard, is to learn to listen to people. For this, I will constantly practice paraphrasing so that I am able to communicate that I actually heard the other person, and also able to clarify what I heard was what they wanted to communicate(Thompson, 2015). A major hindrance in this process is my constant thought about what to say next, when listening to somebody who is speaking to me. I will practice listening with a clear mind and try to focus more on the message that is being sent my way. Both verbal and nonverbal messages need to be carefully listened to, in order to effectively communicate with the people. Conclusion This assessment required us to carry out a reflective practice on our communication competency. For this, we were asked to make use of the diagnostic tools related to communication, in order to analyse our communication style in both verbal and nonverbal communication. Based on this analysis, we were asked to identify the communication issues in our communication practices that required improvement. On carrying out the analysis, I identified the issues with my communication styles and outlined the behaviours and the theoretical concepts that I need to understand related to the communication skills, to bring about improvement in the same. This report ends with an action plan that I have made of the events and activities that I plan to undertake over a period of next 6 months, to work on the skills and behaviours identified in this report. References APR. (2014). Communication Models and theories. Retrieved from https://www.praccreditation.org/resources/documents/APRSG-Comm-Models.pdf CAPS. (2011). Learn To Communicate Effectively. University of Sydney. Retrieved from https://sydney.edu.au/dam/students/documents/learn-to-communicate-effectively.pdf Cobley, E., Schulz, P., Peter , J. (2013). Theories and Models of Communication. Retrieved from https://www.degruyter.com/view/product/44608 Deloitte. (2015). Effective communication skills. Retrieved from https://ballsbridge.wholeschoolvle.com/pluginfile.php/4255/mod_resource/content/1/effective-communication-skills.pdf FEMA. (2005). Effective Communication: Independent Study. Retrieved from https://training.fema.gov/emiweb/downloads/is242.pdf Foulger, D. (2004). Models of the Communication Process. Retrieved from https://foulger.info/davis/research/unifiedModelOfCommunication.htm Government of South Australia. (2006). Introduction to Effective Communication. Retrieved from https://ofv.sa.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0005/8447/effective-communication-presentation-notes.pdf Library, T. P. (1998). Basic communication model. Retrieved from https://home.snu.edu/~jsmith/library/body/v25.pdf Management, N. I. (2012). Training Program on Effective Communication. Retrieved from https://www.manage.gov.in/studymaterial/EC.pdf Mendoza, L. (2015). Developing effecTIve communication skills. USC Kortschak Center for Learning and Creativity. Retrieved from https://kortschakcenter.usc.edu/wp-content/uploads/2015/05/Workshop-Presentation-condensed.pdf PSNACET. (2012). Concepts Of Advertising. Retrieved from https://www.psnacet.edu.in/courses/MBA/ASPM/4.pdf Slukov, P. (2013). Communication of Information. The University of Maine. (2015). Effective communication. Retrieved from https://extension.umaine.edu/publications/wp-content/uploads/sites/82/2015/04/6103.pdf Thompson. (2015). Shannon and Weaver Model of Communication. Retrieved from https://communicationtheory.org/shannon-and-weaver-model-of-communication/

Web Site Development Essay Research Paper I free essay sample

Web Site Development Essay, Research Paper I propose to develop a web site for anyone in the sunglass, contact lens, colored contact lens or laser vision rectification market. The most of import characteristics included in this site must be: nest eggs, convenience and top quality merchandises. It is necessary to bind all facets of the site together swimmingly. By this I mean the shopper must hold the ability to buy at any point In the site, every bit good as the ability to acquire anyplace from anyplace. We must sketch our available merchandises and services in such a manner as to do it a? No Brainer? for anyone. Our available merchandises must be outlined from the oncoming. If sellers demand to be contacted to develop a sweeping relationship so this must be taken attention of every bit shortly as possible. We must measure which merchandises will maximise our net income, which will maximise our marketability and which are merely of necessity to carry. We must develop a database of merchandises and maintain monetary values, add-ons and minuss harmonizing ly. One service I had in head was to develop a free service for anyone interested in optical maser vision rectification. We can develop an application where the patient inputs his/her physician? s written Rx or their contact lens box/bottle prescription, and we can take this information and develop a kind of cyberspace merge missive. By this I mean, we can direct them an email response as to their current oculus status, the best suitable surgical process for their status, history of other? s w/ their Rx A ; consequences and possibly even physicians in their country. I understand this might take away from the publicity of INSIGHT, but retrieve, anything free? supports em? coming back! ! This will more selling tool to pull people in, instead than a service. Besides, some production company or another could be contracted out to develop pictures which we could sell to campaigners, physicians, sawboness, etc? Dr. Sopher could develop a picture directed to practising oculists interested in gross revenues techniques in the scrutiny room.

PreACT Practice Tests Where to Find Them and How to Prep

PreACT Practice Tests Where to Find Them and How to Prep SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Getting ready to take the PreACT? Then you might be wondering whether you should prep for it- and what resources you can use. Is there a PreACT practice test you can take? What kinds of PreACT resources does ACT, Inc. offer? Keep reading to learn why it’s a good idea to lightly prep for the PreACT, and get a comprehensive list of the best PreACT practice tests and materials you can use in your studying. Why You Should Prep for the PreACT The PreACT was created to act as an ACT practice test for 10th graders. Because your PreACT score does not count toward any grades and is not reported to colleges, you’re generally not expected to prep too hard (if at all) for the exam. That said, it can be a good idea to do some light prep, especially if your ultimate goal is to achieve a high score on the ACT. The PreACT is very similar to the ACT in content and form, so preparing for it essentially gives you a head start on ACT prep. As a result, you might not need to study as hard for the ACT when you take it the following year as an 11th grader. Most importantly, however, prepping for the PreACT is simply a great way to familiarize yourself with the ACT. Since you'll take the PreACT as a 10th grader, you'll learn early on what to expect on the ACT and can thus reduce the pressure you'll likely feel when taking the ACT for the first time. Now that you know why it’s a smart idea to prep a little for the PreACT, what are the best resources you can use in your studying? Let's start with the best of the best: official ACT, Inc. materials. Official PreACT Practice Tests Unfortunately, there are no official PreACT practice tests. In fact, the ACT, Inc. website doesn’t offer any PreACT prep material whatsoever (such as practice questions or content guides). Instead, all it has are some general PreACT-related PDFs and PowerPoints detailing things like the format of the test and why sophomores should take it. The likely reason for this lack of PreACT practice materials is that ACT, Inc. doesn’t want students to feel the need to prep extensively for the PreACT. (Remember, the PreACT is simply a practice test for the ACT, so your score won't count for anything!) Another probable reason is that, because ACT, Inc. already provides test takers with so many materials for the ACT, there’d be no point in making separate PreACT resources. In terms of free ACT materials, ACT, Inc. offers a wide variety of questions and tests- which you can also use for your PreACT prep. But before you use any of these to study for the PreACT, make sure you’re aware of the three main differences between the PreACT and ACT. These are as follows: The PreACT is shorter than the ACT: While the ACT is about three to three and a half hours long (depending on whether you take the optional Writing section), the PreACT is a mere two hours and 10 minutes long. The PreACT is easier than the ACT: Because the PreACT targets 10th graders and the ACT targets 11th and 12th graders, the PreACT uses a slightly easier difficulty than the ACT does. Consequently,the maximum score on the PreACT is 35, compared with 36 on the ACT. The PreACT does not have an essay section:Unlike the ACT, which offers an optional essay section,the PreACT does not contain any such section. Now let’s take a look at the official ACT resources you can use for your PreACT prep, as well as how to use them effectively. Rule #1 for using these resources effectively: don't accidentally feed them to your shredder. Free Official ACT Practice Tests At present, there are six official, full-length ACT practice tests available for free online. Since the ACT hasn’t changed much over the years, all of these tests should be helpful for your studying: ACT Practice Test 2018-19 (Form 74FPRE) ACT Practice Test 2015-16 (Form 72CPRE) ACT Practice Test 2014-15 (Form 67C) ACT Practice Test 2011-12 (Form 64E) ACT Practice Test 2008-09 (Form 61C) ACT Practice Test 2005-06 (Form 59F) The reason a few years are missing from these tests is that ACT, Inc. uses the same practice test for a few years before it releases a new one. For example, the 2015-16 practice test is the exact same as the 2016-17 and 2017-18 practice tests. In order to use these practice tests effectively, take themas if you were taking the real ACT. This means you'll need to take each test in a quiet place without any distractions. Also, it's important to take the entire test in one sitting.This way, you'll get a more accurate reflection of your scoring ability and can begin building up your stamina for both PreACT and ACT test day. Finally, be sure to time yourself in accordance with official ACT time limits.Because the ACT is longer than the PreACT is and contains slightly harder questions, these practice tests will be a little more challenging than the actual PreACT will be. But this isn't a bad thing- in fact, it means you'll be extra prepared for the PreACT! Free Official ACT Practice Questions If you’re looking for individual practice questions instead of practice tests, ACT, Inc. also offers a ton of sample ACT questions on its website. You’ll get the following number of questions for each ACT section: 75 ACT English questions 60 ACT Math questions 48 ACT Reading questions 40 ACT Science questions Altogether, these sample questions form a complete ACT practice test (plus eight extra Reading questions). This is equal to aboutone and a half PreACT tests. What’s nice about this resource is that you can easily skip around to focus on certain sections should you want to target specific skills for the PreACT. Although you can also use these sample questions as a full-length practice test, note that they aren’t available on paper- just online- which will make your practice less realistic. Furthermore, be aware that ACT, Inc. sets up these questions in a slightly bizarre format in which you are shown the correct answers after you answer only a handful of questions. This setup makes it difficult to take the whole test in one sitting (and nearly impossible to use official ACT time limits). Paid Official ACT Practice Tests Aside from the free materials above, ACT, Inc. offers some paid ACT practice tests for those who'd like to squeeze in more official ACT/PreACT practice: The Official ACT Prep Guide 2019-2020:This is the most recent version of the ACT's official prep book. It includes five complete practice tests, as well as 400 additional online questions (some of which are reused from the free resources above).While you won’t get much content help with this guide, it’s an excellent resource for additional practice tests. It costs about $23 on Amazon. ACT Online Prep Program: This official online program offers onecompletely unique, full-length ACT practice test.The actual prep part of the program isn’t that helpful, so it’s best to use this just for the practice test. The program costs $39.95. These next resources are as free as this escaped chicken feels. Free Unofficial PreACT Practice Tests Similar to how there are no official PreACT practice tests, there are no unofficial PreACT practice tests available for free online.Because the PreACT is a practice ACT and is so similar to the ACT, most test-prep companies and websites see no point in creating separate PreACT practice tests. So what can you use instead? Luckily, there are tons of free unofficial ACT practice tests you can use for PreACT prep. As is the case with all prep materials, some of these practice tests are good quality, and some aren’t so great. Therefore, it's best toprioritize official ACT materials. In addition, remember that since these are ACT practice tests- not PreACT tests- you can expect there to be more questions that are a little harder than what you’ll see on the PreACT. Below are our picks for the best unofficial ACT practice tests you can use in your PreACT prep, as well as tips for using each resource effectively. Ivy Global Ivy Global’s ACT practice test is by far one of the most realistic unofficial ACT tests available for free online. Visually, it looks almost identical to an official ACT practice test. Unlike other unofficial tests, which are typically only available online, this resource is a downloadable PDF, meaning that you can take it on paper- just as you will for the actual PreACT and ACT. Pros Most questions are very similar to those you’ll see on the ACTin terms of both quality and difficulty. The test is completely free to download and use- you don’t need to make an account or provide any personal information in order to access it. Because the test is a PDF, you can print it out and take it on paper- the same way you’ll take the PreACT (and eventually ACT). This ensures you’ll have realistic test-taking practice. Cons There are no answer explanations for the test; instead, all you get isan answer key (which is included with the test). This lack of guidance makes it difficult to determine exactlywhy you got certain questions wrong. How to Use This Resource Effectively Because this resource is one of the best unofficial ACT practice tests out there, I recommend taking it in its entirety as you would with an official practice test. Again, you'll want torecreate a realistic test-taking setting bytaking it ina quiet room and following all official ACT time limits. Finally, remember that this test still isn't as good as an official practice test, so only take it once you’ve exhausted all official ACT resources. Kaplan Kaplan- a pretty big name in the test-prep world- offers one free full-length ACT practice test when you sign up for an account on their website. This test is only offered on certain dates and at specific times, so check that the time you choose works with your schedule before registering. Pros Kaplan is known for having somewhat easier ACT practice questions and generally targets those who are new to the test. While this would be a con for those prepping for the ACT, it’sa huge plus for those prepping for the PreACT. Because the PreACT is supposed to be a little easier than the ACT is, this lower difficulty level actually works in your favor! Along with the test itself, you’ll get a breakdown of your results and an overview of which skills and areas you could improve. This is useful for figuring out what you should focus on in your PreACT prep. Cons You have to sign up for an account, which is a little annoying, especially if you don’t plan to utilize Kaplan’s other services. The free test is only offered at certain times and on certain days, meaning there’s very little flexibility in when you can take the practice test. The practice test is offered online, so the test-taking experience won’t be that realistic (both the PreACT and ACT are given on paper, not via a computer). How to Use This Resource Effectively If you’ve already taken all official ACT practice tests and the Ivy Global one but still want additional PreACT practice, this is a helpful test to take, particularlyif you'd like to know the specific areas you should zero in on in your prep. Additionally, make sure you’ve looked at your schedule ahead of time so that nothing will interfere with the time of the free test you sign up for. If possible, try to sign up for a morning ACT practice test,since that’s the time you’ll most likely be taking the PreACT at school. I know you hate getting up early, but I promise it'll help you feel more prepared for the PreACT! The Princeton Review Like Kaplan, The Princeton Review- another popular test-prep company- offers a free online ACT practice testwhen you sign up for an account on their website. Pros The Princeton Review is known for making conceptually easier ACT questions- but this will work in your favor since the PreACT is slightly easier than the ACT is. The free practice test can be taken at any time, so it’s pretty convenient. Once you finish taking the test, you’ll get a score report that goes over your strengths and weaknesses. This information is particularly helpful if you hope to eventually score highly on the ACT as well. Cons You have tosign up for an account in order to access the free test. Doing so automatically signs you up to receive emails from The Princeton Review; however, you can disable this at any time. Because the test is an online test, you won’t get that realistic test-taking experience you’d get with a paper test. How to Use This Resource Effectively Like the Kaplan test above, I suggest taking this test only after you’ve exhausted all official ACT resources and the (unofficial) Ivy Global PDF. Since you can take this test anytime, make sure to carve out at least four hours for it (i.e., the approximate length of the ACT). Also, try to take it in the morning, as most schools administer the PreACT during the first half of the school day. Finally, don't forget to use the timed feature when you take the test; this will help you get used to the pressure of testing under time limits (recall, though, that the PreACT is shorter than the ACT). Bonus:PrepScholar’s List of the Best ACT Practice Tests For even more ACT practice tests you can use in your PreACT prep, check out our extensive guide to the best ACT practice tests.In this guide, we introduce a combination of official and unofficial resources for ACT practice tests, some of which are free and some of which aren't. We also offer a summary of each resource to give you an idea of how helpful it’ll be for your ACT (or PreACT) prep. This article shares some overlap with the resources above, so be sure to look for those you haven’t yet tried. Remember that those resources containing easier ACT questions will be more useful (and more relevant) for your PreACT prep. At the same time, it's OK to avoid any resources that mostly target high scorers on the ACT, since their questions will be much more difficult than those on the PreACT (and possibly even the ACT!). Paid Unofficial PreACT Practice Test Although there are no free unofficial PreACT resources available, there is one paid PreACT practice test resource you can use:a prep book by Mometrix called PreACT Secrets Study Guide: PreACT Test Review for the PreACT Exam. Unlike the resources above, this is an entire book that includes a ton of PreACT practice questions, in addition to a full-length PreACT practice test (finally, not an ACT practice test!). Pros Unlike the other unofficial resources above, which are all geared specifically toward the ACT, this book targets the PreACT itself. Therefore, all the guidance and questions it offers are more similar to what you’ll see on the PreACT (versus the slightly harder ACT). It’s the only resource that contains a full-length PreACT practice test (instead of an ACT practice test).So if you're looking for something similar to the actual PreACT you’ll be taking, this resource is an ideal one to use. Unlike with ACT practice tests, you don’t have to take into account any format differences such as time limits and the number of questions. Cons The overall content review is really not that great. Most of the test-taking tips and section overviews aren’t detailed enough to be useful. This is especially concerning when we consider the fact that those taking the PreACT are completely new to this type of standardized test. The book’s got a lot of inaccuracies. For example, it mentions test centers in its tips section, even though only schools (not test centers!) offer the PreACT. Similarly, it talks about an essay section on the PreACT- but there isn’t one! It’s a pretty expensive book, currently selling for around $37 on Amazon. Since you can get loads of free ACT practice materials that are a lot more accurate (even though they're for the ACT and not the PreACT specifically), this price ultimately doesn’t seem worth it. How to Use This Resource Effectively Even though this is one of the only (if not the only) PreACT practice test resource out there, I don’t recommend buying it. With its multitude of basic inaccuracies and lack of helpful content review, I honestly don’t think it’s worth the $37 price tag. That said, if you’re really, really interested in buying it and want PreACT materials (instead of all ACT materials), go ahead and buy it. Just be aware that you’re only using it for the full-length PreACT practice test it offers, as the content review and tips aren’t that helpful (or even relevant). Taking the PreACT: 4 Essential Tips for Test Day As you know, the PreACT is a practice test for the ACT that's meant to help sophomores get a feel for the form and content of the ACT. Even though your PreACT score doesn't count for anything, it can be helpful to know a few key test-taking skills for test day. This way you won't simply do well on the PreACT but can also get more comfortable with the types of strategies you’ll eventually need for the ACT (or SAT). Below, we go over our top four test-taking tips for the PreACT (you can alsocheck out our ACT version for even more tips). #1: Pace Yourself One very important tip to remember is to pace yourself. Doing this ensures you won’t spend too much time on a single question or move too quickly and end up making careless mistakes. The PreACT contains a total of four sections: English, Math, Reading, and Science. Each section has a different number of questions in it as well as a different time limit. Here is an overview of approximately how long you’ll have per question on each PreACT section: PreACT Section Total Time # of Questions Time per Question 1. English 30 minutes 45 40 seconds 2. Math 40 minutes 36 67 seconds 3. Reading 30 minutes 25 (with 3 passages) 72 seconds 4. Science 30 minutes 30 60 seconds Source: 2017-18 PreACT Administration Manual As you can see, the amount of time you’ll have per question on each section varies. You’ll get the most time per question on the Reading section (72 seconds) and the least amount of time per question on the English section (40 seconds). By being aware of these timing differences, you can effectively avoid wasting time on one question at the beginning of a section and instead use that time to focus on other easier questions. In other words, skipping around on each section to do the easier questions first is perfectly OK- and even recommended! #2: Answer Every Question Like the ACT, there is no point penalty on the PreACT.Your score for each section, as well as your composite score, are all calculated based only on the questions you got right. Here's how PreACT scoring works: for every section, you earn one raw point for each right answer. These points are then converted into a scale score on the final 1-35 score scale. So what does this mean for your test-taking strategy? Because you won’t lose any points for wrong answers, try toanswer every single question on the test. Even if you’re running out of time on a section or have no clue what the correct answer to a question is, go ahead and guess! Most PreACT questions have four answer choices (Math questions have five), so you’ll always have a 20-25% of getting a question right, even if you just randomly select an answer. Who knows, you might get lucky and get every question you guessed right! Unless you're me. #3: Skim the Passages on Reading The PreACT Reading section contains three passages and 25 questions, and has a time limit of 30 minutes. This gives you about 72 seconds to answer each Reading question. But this time per question doesn’t take into account the time you’ll need to read each passage. While most students think they’re required to read the passage in its entirety, this can actually eat up a lot of your time (on both the PreACT and ACT). Instead, it’s far better to skim each passage. This not only saves you time overall but also allows you to spend more time tackling the most challenging questions. As we discuss in our guide to choosing an effective reading strategy for the ACT, here’s how you should approach passages on the PreACT: Read the small blurb at the beginning of the article to get a sense of what the passage will be about Choose one of two possible passage-reading strategies: Option A: Read the questions first and then skim the passage Option B: Skim the passage first and then read the questions Option A is a highly effective method that lets you look for the answers to the questions while you skim the passage. In other words, since you're already familiar with the questions and what they’re asking, you can quickly skim the passage to find those answers. Option B can be very effective, too, particularly if you find it difficult to read the questions before you know anything about the passage they're referring to. Ultimately, it doesn't matter which passage-reading strategy you decide to use- as long as it's one that works well for you and will help you get the PreACT/ACT score you want. I recommend trying out both strategies with official practice ACT Reading tests to see which one suits you better. Whichever method gives you a higher Reading score should be the one you use for the PreACT (and ACT). #4: Plug In Answers and Numbers on Math If you’re stuck on a PreACT Math question because you can’t remember a certain formula or don’t know how to approach it, don’t give up- instead, try plugging in answers and numbers to see if you can find the correct answer that way. But what exactly are these two strategies? Here’s a basic overview: Plug in answers:With this strategy, you'll plug each answer choice into the problem (usually an equation or inequality) to see which one yields the correct result. All Math answer choices are arranged in the order of smallest value to highest value, so you can save time by always starting with the middle answer choice (C or H).This tells you whether you need to work your way up or down to get a smaller or bigger value. Plug in numbers: Use this strategy when you get a question dealing withmultiple variables (i.e., unknown numbers typically represented by letters or symbols). To use it, simply replace all unknown variables with real numbers. This makes the problem easier to solve by letting you work with actual numbers instead of unknown values. For more tips on how to use these two strategies, as well as examples of practice questions, take a look at our guides to plugging in answers and plugging in numbers. Recap: The Best PreACT Practice Test Resources As we've shown you,there simply aren’t that many test-prep materials created solely for the PreACT.That said, you can still prep effectively for the test by taking advantage of an array of ACT practice tests and questions. As with any test prep, it’s best to start with official practice materials (in this case, those created by ACT, Inc.). This ensures you’ll have realistic and highly effective PreACT practice. For additional PreACT practice, feel free to use any of theunofficial ACT practice tests listed above. However, note that because these resources are unofficial, their quality won’t be nearly as high as that of official ACT materials. If you've combed through all the ACT resources listed above and are still dying for something that specifically targets the PreACT, your only option is PreACT Secrets Study Guide. However, with a high price tag of around $50 and tons of inaccuracies, this prep book really isn't worth buying. Even if you've studied hard, you'll still need to know some key test-taking strategies so you can get a high PreACT (and eventually ACT) score. Here are the four tips to keep in mind on test day: Pace yourself, and don't forget that the number of seconds you'll have per question varies with each section of the test Answer every question, even if you have to guess on some For Reading, skim the passages- don't attempt to carefully read each one as this will eat up your time For Math, plug in answers and numbersif there are too many variables or you aren't sure how to solve a problem With that, I wish you the best of luck on the PreACT! What’s Next? Want to learn more about the PreACT? Check out our comprehensive guide to the PreACT test, and learn when you can take the exam (coming soon). Looking for more ACT study materials you can use in your PreACT prep?Take a look at our top picks for ACT prep books, ACT prep websites, and ACT apps, and get advice on how to use them. Want to improve your ACT score by 4+ points? Download our free guide to the top 5 strategies you need in your prep to improve your ACT score dramatically.

Law essays

Law essays In an the crown court, the prosecution of someone accused of an indictable case is set out in the following manner: The prosecution begins by briefly outlining the facts of the case to the courtroom. The prosecution then calls witnesses to the court and produces evidence to support its case. At this point the defence is permitted to cross-examine and challenge the evidence. The defence then presents its own case, following the same procedures, were by the prosecution is able to challenge and cross-examine, defence witnesses and evidence. At the end of both sides cross-examination, both sides will sum up its case, which, is in turn followed by a judges summing up. At this point the jury is sent out to determine a unanimous verdict (although the judge may accept a majority verdict of at least 10 to 2). If the verdict is guilty, the defence makes a plea in mitigation, asking the judge to be lenient in sentencing. Following a non-guilty verdict the defendant can leave the court, acquitted. However, following the verdict and sentencing an appeal procedure may occur. If a defendant is found guilty they may wish to appeal to the Court of Appeal (C.A.) or the Divisional Court of the Queens Bench Division (Q.B.C.) if they have sufficient grounds on which to appeal and have approval of either the Crown Court or the appeal court they wish to refer the case to. Though, the defendant may only appeal to the Q.B.C. on a point of law only, whereas, in the C.A. they may appeal on the sentence and facts. Some examples of why the defendant may appeal could be on the grounds of: Police or prosecution malpractice occurred in the case. The trial judge has misdirected the jury on the case. Evidence could be misleading or unreliable. If the defendant does not get receive the expected result they may also finally appeal to the House ...

Listening assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Listening assignment - Essay Example The trumpet was played at the fast notes which please the ears of the listener. It added a new modern touch to the typical jazz composition. The addition of drum compliments the soloist in creating the composition while keeping in mind the beats of drum. On the other hand, the addition of piano in making a new bebop composition made a huge difference. It made the typical jazz tune more modern and harmonious. In my point of view, the entire composition and setting of the instruments made this solo performance a classic masterpiece which is melodious as well as it gave a new meaning to bebop style in jazz. Starting off with slow beats and then gradually reaching the point where the sounds and composition as well as the instrumental collaboration mesmerize the hearts and souls of the listeners. All I can say that the composition is melodious with a soulful performance by Dizzy Gillespie and Charlie

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